Roulette Wheel Strategy
Predictable Roulette Wheel Spins. Unless a casino rotates the roulette wheel on a. What is the basic idea of the Roulette Predictor program? Our online Predictor is the best helper for Roulette players in the casino. This program is not only a set of Random Number Generator (RNG) algorithms of various casinos but also a Roulette results analyzer, which is based on mathematical calculations and probability theory.
What we’re going to do here is take a detailed look at the roulette wheel and table for European, American and French roulette. We will start out with a brief look at the history and then get into some detailed diagrams and descriptions for each version of the game.
We will then get into various manufacturers and design differences, before rounding off with our opinion on the bold claims you read online about roulette wheels being predictable and easily beaten.
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Brief History of the Roulette Wheel
According to a French novel called “La Roulette”, the game has been played as it’s known today since 1796. These early games included both a 0 and 00.
The earliest form of a roulette wheel dates all the way back to the 1600’s from a French mathematician called Blaise Pascal, pictured right.
He inadvertently created a roulette wheel in his quest to create a perpetual motion machine. In simple terms, he wanted to create a wheel that could spin on its own indefinitely without an energy source. He failed in this endeavour.
It was roughly in the 1860’s when the Monte Carlo casino began offering a single 0 roulette wheel and this is the version of the game that spread across the world with the exception of the USA. American roulette games still retain the original concept of 0 and 00 slots to this day which increases the house advantage. More information on the house advantage can be found lower down.
European Roulette Wheel and Table
The most popular version of the game across the world, both online and in real casinos. One of the first things that you need to understand about roulette is that the table is not representative of the wheel. If you place a bet on the first Dozen, you are betting on numbers 1 through to 12 but those numbers are evenly spread across the wheel. Here’s the order of the numbers on a European roulette wheel starting with 0:
0 – 32 – 15 – 19 – 4 – 21 – 2 – 25 – 17 – 34 – 6 – 27 – 13 – 36 – 11 – 30 – 8 – 23 – 10 – 5 – 24 – 16 – 33 – 1 – 20 – 14 – 31 – 9 – 22 – 18 – 29 – 7 – 28 – 12 – 35 – 3 – 26
The order of numbers may appear random, but they’re purposely designed to confuse the player and conform to the golden rule that black and red numbers must alternate. From there, odd/even and 1-18/19-36 are evenly distributed across the wheel with no more than two numbers of the same type adjacent to each other on the wheel. In other words, at no point are there more than two consecutive odd numbers or two consecutive 1-18 numbers and so on.
European Specific Bets
European roulette has 4 bet types that you won’t find in the American game known as Call or Announce bets. They’re named this way because in real casino conditions, the player will say the bet out loud and the dealer will place the bet for them.
The image to the right shows which numbers each of them covers. We’ve already discussed these bets in detail on our page on roulette bets but here are the descriptions again.
Jeu 0 – One chip is placed on each of the following Splits: 0-3, 12-15, 32-35 and then the number 26 with a Straight Up bet. In total, 4 chips are placed and 7 numbers are covered.
Voisins du Zero – One chip is placed on the following Splits: 4-7, 12-15, 18-21, 19-22, 32-35. Then there are 2 chips on 0-2-3 Street and 2 chips on 25-26-28-29 Corner. In total, 9 chips are placed and 17 different numbers are covered.
Orphelins – One chip is placed on the following Splits: 6-9, 14-17, 17-20, 31-34 and then the number 1 with a Straight Up bet. In total, 5 chips are placed that cover 8 numbers (17 is covered twice).
Tiers du Cylindre – One chip is placed on the following Splits: 5-8, 10-11, 13-16, 23-24, 27-30, 33-36. In total, 6 chips are placed and 12 numbers are covered.
American Roulette Wheel and Table
The American version of the game features an extra slot but the payouts remain the same, pushing the house edge up to 5.26% from the 2.7% you get with the European game. When it comes to real casinos, you’ll only find this table in the USA, Canada and high end casinos in places like London.
What’s curious about the design of the American roulette wheel is that the numbers are in a completely different order to the European game while following the same design principles. Here’s the order of the numbers starting with the 0:
0 – 28 – 9 – 26 – 30 – 11 – 7 – 20 – 32 – 17 – 5 – 22 – 34 – 15 – 3 – 24 – 36 – 13 – 1 – 00 – 27 – 10 – 25 – 29 – 12 – 8 – 19 – 31 – 18 – 6 – 21 – 33 – 16 – 4 – 23 – 35 – 14 – 2
French Roulette Table
It’s also worth giving a quick mention to the French roulette table which you can see to the right. The wheel is exactly the same as the European game but the table has a different layout.
The biggest difference is that the Dozens are no longer marked as 1st 12, 2nd 12 and 3rd 12. Instead, they’re marked as P12, M12 and D12 which you will see in the bottom left and right corners of the table.
La partage rule – In terms of actual game play, the French game has the most advantageous rules because when the 0 hits, losing bets on Red/Black, Odd/Even and Low/High pay back half. So a £10 bet on Red would pay back £5 if the 0 hits.
En prison rule – In real casinos, they may opt to use the en prison rule instead of la partage. Every online game we’ve ever played has used la partage so you will only find en prison in real casinos. When the 0 hits, losing bets on Red/Black, Odd/Even and Low/High are marked as “en prison” by the croupier and neither win nor lose. Instead, they’re left on the table for the following spin and treated as any other bet.
Manufacturers and Design Differences
There are numerous manufactures of roulette wheels, each of which offer various designs and we aren’t talking about mere colours and textures. The major design difference between different wheels are the pockets. Each number has a pocket where the ball will eventually fall and the design around the pocket affects the bounce and scatter of the ball which impacts on the final result. Here are three different designs, click on them to see a larger version.
Huxley Stardust
The low fret design to the left is the most common design of wheel in real casinos. The low pockets allow the ball to bounce around from one pocket to another before finally losing momentum and coming to rest, resulting in unpredictability which is what the casinos obviously want.
The scalloped design has deeper pockets, resulting in less bounce and a slightly more predictable result so they are much rarer. The scalloped design could be described as “old and outdated” because most manufacturers have ceased making them. You aren’t likely to see one in a real casino.
The Huxley stardust design uses triangular pockets which can deflect the ball in either direction, creating even more unpredictability. For example, the ball can go from spinning anti clockwise around the track to going clockwise once it hits the rotor. Such movement is much less common on low fret and scalloped designs.
While there are many manufacturers of wheels, here are the two largest that we’re aware of:
TCS John Huxley – Their head office is based in London and they have offices around the world. They’ve won numerous industry awards for their craftsmanship of casino equipment and they supply casinos across the globe. Designing a new roulette wheel on their website is like designing a new car with multiple design and colour options available. Their website is www.tcsjohnhuxley.com
Cammegh – Another company based in the UK, Cammegh are a huge supplier to casinos across Europe and the USA. They have supplied roulette wheels to numerous huge casino brands including Caesars, Grosvenor, Gala and Ladbrokes. Their website is www.cammegh.com
Neither of these manufacturers have a “buy now” button on their website. Instead, you need to request a quote and the wheel will be built for you. You can expect the price of a new roulette wheel to be well over £1000. You can also buy them second hand on ebay which will cost roughly £400-£700 for a clean, undamaged, second hand model.
Roulette Wheels Can Be Beaten?
The majority of roulette systems are based on the table. This includes all of the mathematical strategies that we’ve written about. What this means is that they don’t influence the odds which stay at 2.7% and 5.26% respectively. They are based on progressions and in many cases, betting big to win small.
However, there are other systems, based on the wheel, that we haven’t written about. The aim of these systems, often called “visual ballistics” or “visual roulette system” is to forget about the table and focus entirely on the wheel by increasing the accuracy of predictions to get an edge over the casino.
Think of it this way: the house edge is 2.7% on European roulette. If you can increase the accuracy of your predictions enough to overcome this edge, the odds will be in your favour. The cheating (and in many cases illegal) way to do this is via a roulette computer which measures the speed of the wheel and ball to give a prediction. Visual systems work in much the same way, only they’re much less effective because you’re using your mind to make predictions.
The reason we haven’t written about them is simple; we don’t know anywhere near enough about them to give an accurate description. They involve monitoring the diamonds (8 of them around the outside of the wheel) and then studying the wheel, learning its tendencies and being able to make a prediction accurate enough to overcome the edge. From there, you would bet on approximately half of the wheel via Straight Up bets to accommodate your prediction.
Real information about visual roulette systems is hard to come by which is why we’ve been unable to learn about them. We haven’t found a single website that’s written about visual roulette systems for free with simple instructions on how it all works with step by step instructions. It always comes with an asking price that we aren’t prepared to pay.
Do we think it’s actually possible to predict the wheel without a computer? Yes, but we don’t believe its anywhere near as easy or practical as the websites that sell this information make out. It’s our belief that you would need to be very experienced in real casino conditions and well versed in the deceleration of the ball to even have a chance of making this work.
We also believe that a lot of the information sold online will be outdated and some of it will be nothing more than a scam. We aren’t prepared to buy all the rubbish information about visual systems to find the good one and that’s assuming a good one even exists. For all we know, they’re all scams.
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- Roulette Analysis
- Miscellaneous
Introduction
The Gambler's Fallacy is the mistaken belief that if an independent event has not happened in a long time, then it becomes overdue and more likely. It is also equally incorrect that if an outcome has happened a disproportionate number of times lately, compared to statistical expectations, then it becomes overheated and less likely to occur the next time. An example of this fallacious thinking might be that if the number 23 hasn't been drawn in a 6-49 lottery the last 100 games, then it becomes more likely to be drawn during the next drawing.
Many worthless betting strategies and systems are based on belief in the Gambler's Fallacy. I got the idea for writing about this after reading an 888 online roulette article by Frank Scoblete entitled How to Take Advantage of Roulette Hot Spots. In that article, Scoblete recommends taking a count of each outcome for 3,700 spins in single-zero roulette and 3,800 spins in double-zero roulette in the hunt for 'hot numbers.' Never mind that this would take about 100 hours to make this many observations, assuming the industry standard of 38 spins per hour.
Before going further, let me say that I strongly believe modern roulette wheels made by top brands like Cammegh are extremely precise and any bias would be minuscule compared to the house advantage. Thus, testing a modern roulette for bias would be a total waste of time. Now, testing a 30-year-old hand-me-down wheel in a banana republic might be another story. However, you're on your own if you win a lot of money from said casino and try to leave with it.
That said, if you track 3,800 outcomes in single-zero roulette, the average number of times any number will hit is 3800/38=100. I ran a simulation of over 1.3 trillion spins, counting how many times each number was hit, sorting the outcomes to find the most frequent number and how many times it was observed, and keeping a count of how many times the most frequent number in each simulation was seen.
Hottest Number in 3,800 Spins of Double-Zero Roulette
As a former actuary, I hate to use a layman's term like the 'hottest number,' but that is how gamblers talk so will go with that. That said, following are the results of the count of the hottest number in millions of 3800-spin simulations.
Count of the Hottest Number in 3,800 Spins on Double-Zero Wheel
| Statistic | Value |
|---|---|
| Mean | 122.02 |
| Median | 121 |
| Mode | 120 |
| 90th Percentile | 128 |
| 95th Percentile | 131 |
| 99th Percentile | 136 |
| 99.9th Percentile | 142 |
Here is what the table above means in plain simple English.
- The mean, or average, count of the hottest number is 122.02.
- The median count of the most frequent number is 121. This means that over 50% of time the most frequent number appeared 121 times or less, as well as 121 times or more. This is possible because the probability of 121 observations is in both groups.
- The mode, or most count of the hottest number is 120, which happens 8.29% of the time.
- The 90th percentile is the smallest number such that the probability the count of the hottest number is at least 90% .
- The 95th percentile is the smallest number such that the probability the count of the hottest number is at least 95%.
- The 99th percentile is the smallest number such that the probability the count of the hottest number is at least 99%.
- The 99.9th percentile is the smallest number such that the probability the count of the hottest number is at least 99.9%.
Hottest Number in 3,700 Spins of Single-Zero Roulette
The results are very similar with 3,700 spins tracked on a single-zero wheel. Following is a summary of the results.
Count of the Hottest Number in 3,700 Spins on Single-Zero Wheel
| Statistic | Value |
|---|---|
| Mean | 121.90 |
| Median | 121 |
| Mode | 120 |
| 90th Percentile | 128 |
| 95th Percentile | 131 |
| 99th Percentile | 136 |
| 99.9th Percentile | 142 |
The following table shows the full results of the simulation on both wheels. The two commulative columns show the probability that the count of the hottest number is the number on the left column or more. For example, the probability the hottest number in 3,700 spins of single-zero roulette is 130 or more is 0.072044.
Summary of the Count of the Hottest Number in 3,700 Spins of Single-Zero Roulette and 3,800 spins of Double-Zero Roulette
| Count | Probability Single Zero | Cummulative Single Zero | Probability Double Zero | Cummulative Double Zero |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 160 or More | 0.000001 | 0.000001 | 0.000001 | 0.000001 |
| 159 | 0.000000 | 0.000001 | 0.000000 | 0.000001 |
| 158 | 0.000001 | 0.000001 | 0.000001 | 0.000001 |
| 157 | 0.000001 | 0.000002 | 0.000001 | 0.000002 |
| 156 | 0.000001 | 0.000003 | 0.000001 | 0.000003 |
| 155 | 0.000002 | 0.000005 | 0.000002 | 0.000005 |
| 154 | 0.000003 | 0.000009 | 0.000003 | 0.000008 |
| 153 | 0.000005 | 0.000013 | 0.000005 | 0.000013 |
| 152 | 0.000007 | 0.000020 | 0.000008 | 0.000021 |
| 151 | 0.000012 | 0.000032 | 0.000012 | 0.000033 |
| 150 | 0.000017 | 0.000049 | 0.000018 | 0.000051 |
| 149 | 0.000026 | 0.000075 | 0.000027 | 0.000077 |
| 148 | 0.000038 | 0.000114 | 0.000041 | 0.000118 |
| 147 | 0.000060 | 0.000174 | 0.000062 | 0.000180 |
| 146 | 0.000091 | 0.000265 | 0.000092 | 0.000273 |
| 145 | 0.000132 | 0.000397 | 0.000137 | 0.000409 |
| 144 | 0.000195 | 0.000592 | 0.000199 | 0.000608 |
| 143 | 0.000282 | 0.000874 | 0.000289 | 0.000898 |
| 142 | 0.000409 | 0.001283 | 0.000421 | 0.001319 |
| 141 | 0.000580 | 0.001863 | 0.000606 | 0.001925 |
| 140 | 0.000833 | 0.002696 | 0.000860 | 0.002784 |
| 139 | 0.001186 | 0.003882 | 0.001215 | 0.003999 |
| 138 | 0.001652 | 0.005534 | 0.001704 | 0.005703 |
| 137 | 0.002315 | 0.007849 | 0.002374 | 0.008077 |
| 136 | 0.003175 | 0.011023 | 0.003286 | 0.011363 |
| 135 | 0.004355 | 0.015378 | 0.004489 | 0.015852 |
| 134 | 0.005916 | 0.021295 | 0.006088 | 0.021940 |
| 133 | 0.007939 | 0.029233 | 0.008196 | 0.030136 |
| 132 | 0.010601 | 0.039834 | 0.010908 | 0.041044 |
| 131 | 0.013991 | 0.053824 | 0.014384 | 0.055428 |
| 130 | 0.018220 | 0.072044 | 0.018757 | 0.074185 |
| 129 | 0.023498 | 0.095542 | 0.024114 | 0.098299 |
| 128 | 0.029866 | 0.125408 | 0.030603 | 0.128901 |
| 127 | 0.037288 | 0.162696 | 0.038228 | 0.167130 |
| 126 | 0.045771 | 0.208467 | 0.046898 | 0.214027 |
| 125 | 0.055165 | 0.263632 | 0.056310 | 0.270337 |
| 124 | 0.064853 | 0.328485 | 0.066020 | 0.336357 |
| 123 | 0.074178 | 0.402662 | 0.075236 | 0.411593 |
| 122 | 0.081929 | 0.484591 | 0.082885 | 0.494479 |
| 121 | 0.087158 | 0.571750 | 0.087696 | 0.582174 |
| 120 | 0.088520 | 0.660269 | 0.088559 | 0.670734 |
| 119 | 0.084982 | 0.745252 | 0.084406 | 0.755140 |
| 118 | 0.076454 | 0.821705 | 0.075245 | 0.830385 |
| 117 | 0.063606 | 0.885312 | 0.061851 | 0.892236 |
| 116 | 0.048069 | 0.933381 | 0.046111 | 0.938347 |
| 115 | 0.032432 | 0.965813 | 0.030604 | 0.968952 |
| 114 | 0.019117 | 0.984930 | 0.017664 | 0.986616 |
| 113 | 0.009567 | 0.994496 | 0.008614 | 0.995230 |
| 112 | 0.003894 | 0.998390 | 0.003420 | 0.998650 |
| 111 | 0.001257 | 0.999647 | 0.001065 | 0.999715 |
| 110 | 0.000297 | 0.999944 | 0.000243 | 0.999958 |
| 109 | 0.000050 | 0.999994 | 0.000038 | 0.999996 |
| 108 or Less | 0.000006 | 1.000000 | 0.000004 | 1.000000 |
Count of the Hottest Numbers in 300 Spins in Double-Zero Roulette
What if you don't want to spend 100 hours gathering data on a single wheel? Some casinos are kind enough to give you, on a silver platter, the number of times in the last 300 spins the four 'hottest' and 'coolest' numbers occurred. The image at the top of the page shows an example taken on a double-zero wheel at the Venetian.
In 300 spins, the average number of wins on a double-zero wheel for any number is 300/38=7.9. As you can see from the image above, the four hottest numbers were 20, 5, 29, and 2, which occurred 15, 14, 13, and 12 times respectively. Is this unusual? No. In a simulation of over 80 billion spins, the most frequent number, in 300-spin experiments, appeared most frequently at 14 times with a probability of 27.4%. The most likely total of the second, third, and fourth most frequent numbers was 13, 12, and 12 times respectively, with probabilities of 37.9%, 46.5%, and 45.8%. So the results of the 'hottest' numbers in the image above were a little more flat than average.
The following table shows the probabilities of the four hottest numbers in 300 spins of double-zero roulette. For example, the probability the third most frequent number happens 15 times is 0.009210.
Count of the Hottest Four Numbers in 300 Spins on a Double-Zero Wheel
| Observations | Probability Most Frequent | Probability Second Most Frequent | Probability Third Most Frequent | Probability Fourth Most Frequent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 or More | 0.000022 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 24 | 0.000051 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 23 | 0.000166 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 22 | 0.000509 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 21 | 0.001494 | 0.000001 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 20 | 0.004120 | 0.000009 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 19 | 0.010806 | 0.000075 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 18 | 0.026599 | 0.000532 | 0.000003 | 0.000000 |
| 17 | 0.060526 | 0.003263 | 0.000060 | 0.000001 |
| 16 | 0.123564 | 0.016988 | 0.000852 | 0.000020 |
| 15 | 0.212699 | 0.071262 | 0.009210 | 0.000598 |
| 14 | 0.274118 | 0.215025 | 0.068242 | 0.011476 |
| 13 | 0.212781 | 0.379097 | 0.283768 | 0.117786 |
| 12 | 0.067913 | 0.270747 | 0.464748 | 0.457655 |
| 11 | 0.004615 | 0.042552 | 0.168285 | 0.383900 |
| 10 | 0.000017 | 0.000448 | 0.004830 | 0.028544 |
| 9 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000001 | 0.000020 |
| Total | 1.000000 | 1.000000 | 1.000000 | 1.000000 |
The next table shows the mean, median, and mode for the count of the first, second, third, and fourth hottest numbers in millions of 300-spin simulations of double-zero roulette.
Summary of the Count of the Four Most Frequent Numbers in 300 Spins of Double-Zero Wheel
| Order | Mean | Median | Mode |
|---|---|---|---|
| First | 14.48 | 14 | 14 |
| Second | 13.07 | 13 | 13 |
| Third | 12.27 | 12 | 12 |
| Fourth | 11.70 | 12 | 12 |
Count of the Coolest Numbers in 300 Spins in Double-Zero Roulette
The next table shows the probability of each count of the four collest numbers in 300 spins of double-zero roulette.
Count of the Coolest Four Numbers in 300 Spins on a Double-Zero Wheel
| Observations | Probability Least Frequent | Probability Second Least Frequent | Probability Third Least Frequent | Probability Fourth Least Frequent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0.012679 | 0.000063 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 1 | 0.098030 | 0.005175 | 0.000135 | 0.000002 |
| 2 | 0.315884 | 0.088509 | 0.012041 | 0.001006 |
| 3 | 0.416254 | 0.420491 | 0.205303 | 0.063065 |
| 4 | 0.150220 | 0.432638 | 0.595139 | 0.522489 |
| 5 | 0.006924 | 0.052945 | 0.185505 | 0.401903 |
| 6 | 0.000008 | 0.000180 | 0.001878 | 0.011534 |
| Total | 1.000000 | 1.000000 | 1.000000 | 1.000000 |
The next table shows the mean, median, and mode for the count of the first, second, third, and fourth coolest numbers in the 300-spin simulations of double-zero roulette.
Summary of the count of the Four Least Frequent Numbers on a Double-Zero Wheel
| Order | Mean | Median | Mode |
|---|---|---|---|
| Least | 2.61 | 3 | 3 |
| Second Least | 3.44 | 3 | 4 |
| Third Least | 3.96 | 4 | 4 |
| Fourth Least | 4.36 | 4 | 4 |
Count of the Hottest Numbers in 300 Spins of Single-Zero Roulette
In 300 spins, the average number of wins on a single-zero wheel for any number is 300/37=8.11. The next table shows the probability of each count of the four coolest numbers in 300 spins of double-zero roulette. For example, the probability the third most frequent number happens 15 times is 0.015727.
Count of the Hottest Four Numbers in 300 Spins on a Single-Zero Wheel
Roulette Wheel Layout Strategy
| Observations | Probability Most Frequent | Probability Second Most Frequent | Probability Third Most Frequent | Probability Fourth Most Frequent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 or More | 0.000034 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 24 | 0.000078 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 23 | 0.000245 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 22 | 0.000728 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 21 | 0.002069 | 0.000002 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 20 | 0.005570 | 0.000018 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 19 | 0.014191 | 0.000135 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 18 | 0.033833 | 0.000905 | 0.000008 | 0.000000 |
| 17 | 0.074235 | 0.005202 | 0.000125 | 0.000001 |
| 16 | 0.144490 | 0.025286 | 0.001624 | 0.000050 |
| 15 | 0.232429 | 0.097046 | 0.015727 | 0.001286 |
| 14 | 0.269735 | 0.259360 | 0.101259 | 0.021054 |
| 13 | 0.177216 | 0.382432 | 0.347102 | 0.175177 |
| 12 | 0.043266 | 0.208137 | 0.429715 | 0.508292 |
| 11 | 0.001879 | 0.021373 | 0.102979 | 0.283088 |
| 10 | 0.000003 | 0.000103 | 0.001461 | 0.011049 |
| 9 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000002 |
| Total | 1.000000 | 1.000000 | 1.000000 | 1.000000 |
The next table shows the mean, median, and mode for the count of the first, second, third, and fourth hottest numbers in millions of 300-spin simulations of double-zero roulette.
Summary — Count of the Four Hottest Numbers — Double-Zero Wheel
| Order | Mean | Median | Mode |
|---|---|---|---|
| First | 14.74 | 15 | 14 |
| Second | 13.30 | 13 | 13 |
| Third | 12.50 | 12 | 12 |
| Fourth | 11.92 | 12 | 12 |
Count of the Coolest Numbers in 300 Spins in Single-Zero Roulette
The next table shows the probability of each count of the four coolest numbers in 300 spins of double-zero roulette. For example, the probability the third coolest numbers will be observed five times is 0.287435.
Count of the Coolest Four Numbers in 300 Spins on a Double-Zero Wheel
| Observations | Probability Least Frequent | Probability Second Least Frequent | Probability Third Least Frequent | Probability Fourth Least Frequent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0.009926 | 0.000038 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 1 | 0.079654 | 0.003324 | 0.000068 | 0.000001 |
| 2 | 0.275226 | 0.062392 | 0.006791 | 0.000448 |
| 3 | 0.419384 | 0.350408 | 0.140173 | 0.034850 |
| 4 | 0.200196 | 0.484357 | 0.557907 | 0.406702 |
| 5 | 0.015563 | 0.098547 | 0.287435 | 0.521238 |
| 6 | 0.000050 | 0.000933 | 0.007626 | 0.036748 |
| 7 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000001 | 0.000013 |
| Total | 1.000000 | 1.000000 | 1.000000 | 1.000000 |
The next table shows the mean, median, and mode for the count of the first, second, third, and fourth coolest numbers in the 300-spin simulations of single-zero roulette.
Summary of the count of the Four Least Frequent Numbers on a Single-Zero Wheel
| Order | Mean | Median | Mode |
|---|---|---|---|
| Least | 2.77 | 3 | 3 |
| Second Least | 3.62 | 4 | 4 |
| Third Least | 4.15 | 4 | 4 |
| Fourth Least | 4.56 | 5 | 5 |
The least I hope you have learned from this article is it is to be expected that certain numbers will come up more than others. To put it in other words, it is natural that some numbers will be 'hot' and some 'cool.' In fact, such differences from the mean are highly predictable. Unfortunately, for roulette players, we don't know which numbers will be 'hot,' just that some of them almost certainly will be. I would also like to emphasize, contrary to the Gambler's Fallacy, that on a fair roulette wheel that every number is equally likely every spin and it makes no difference what has happened in the past.
Finally, it should not be interpreted that we give an endorsement to the 888 Casino, which we linked to earlier. I am very bothered by this rule in their rule 6.2.B. Before getting to that, let me preface with a quote from rule 6.1, which I'm fine with.
'If we reasonably determine that you are engaging in or have engaged in fraudulent or unlawful activity or conducted any prohibited transaction (including money laundering) under the laws of any jurisdiction that applies to you (examples of which are set out at section 6.2 below), any such act will be considered as a material breach of this User Agreement by you. In such case we may close your account and terminate the User Agreement in accordance with section 14 below and we are under no obligation to refund to you any deposits, winnings or funds in your account.' -- Rule 6.1
Let's go further now:
The following are some examples of 'fraudulent or unlawful activity' -- Rule 6.2
Next, here is one of many examples listed as rule 6.2.B
'Unfair Betting Techniques: Utilising any recognised betting techniques to circumvent the standard house edge in our games, which includes but is not limited to martingale betting strategies, card counting as well as low risk betting in roulette such as betting on red/black in equal amounts.' -- Rule 6.2.B
Let me make it perfectly clear that all betting systems, including the Martingale, not only can't circumvent the house edge, they can't even dent it. It is very mathematically ignorant on the part of the casino to fear any betting system. Why would any player trust this casino when the casino can seize all their money under the reason that the player was using a betting system? Any form of betting could be called a betting system, including flat betting. Casino 888 normally has a pretty good reputation, so I'm surprised they would lower themselves to this kind of rogue rule.
Best Roulette Wheel Strategy
Written by: Michael Shackleford